Known brand names include Flagyl, Likmez, MetroGel, MetroCream, MetroLotion, Noritate, Nuvessa, Rosadan, and Vandazole.
An antibiotic and antiparasitic pill for trichomoniasis, amebiasis, and serious infections caused by anaerobic bacteria. Drinking alcohol during treatment and for at least three days after can cause cramps, vomiting, headache, and flushing.
The label does not describe a narrow therapeutic index or direct dosing by measured blood levels of the drug.
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Metronidazole was carcinogenic in mice and rats. Avoid unnecessary use and reserve it for the labeled indications.
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No specific antidote; treat overdose symptomatically and supportively. Single oral doses up to 15 g caused nausea, vomiting, and ataxia.
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Doses come from the FDA label. Study tool, not for clinical decisions.
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No change in single-dose kinetics, but metabolites build up in end-stage renal disease, so monitor for adverse effects. Hemodialysis removes significant amounts; consider supplementing after dialysis.
A nitroimidazole active against obligate anaerobes and protozoa such as Trichomonas and Entamoeba. It enters by passive diffusion and is reduced inside the organism by electron transport proteins such as ferredoxin, forming a short-lived nitroso free radical; the reduced drug and radicals damage DNA and block its synthesis. It distributes into CSF, saliva, and breast milk at plasma-like levels; the half-life is about 8 hours, and urine carries 60% to 80% of the dose, mostly as metabolites.