Known brand names include No current brand name for single-agent tablets or capsules; marketed as generic hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). RxNorm brands are mostly combination products, plus Inzirqo, an oral suspension outside this scope..
A thiazide "water pill" that helps the kidneys remove extra salt and water. It treats high blood pressure and swelling from heart, liver, or kidney disease or from steroid or estrogen therapy.
The label does not describe a narrow therapeutic index or direct dosing by measured blood levels of the drug.
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No antidote. Overdose mainly causes dehydration and loss of potassium, chloride, and sodium; with digitalis, hypokalemia can worsen arrhythmias. Give supportive care and correct fluids, electrolytes, and blood pressure. It is not known how well hemodialysis removes it.
Sources: [1]
Doses come from the FDA label. Study tool, not for clinical decisions.
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No dose table. Use with caution in severe renal disease, where thiazides may cause azotemia and the drug can accumulate. Contraindicated in anuria; consider holding or stopping if renal impairment progresses.
No dose table. Use with caution in impaired liver function or progressive liver disease, because small fluid and electrolyte shifts can trigger hepatic coma.
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A thiazide diuretic. It acts on the distal renal tubule to block salt reabsorption, so sodium and chloride are lost in roughly equal amounts, with some potassium and bicarbonate. How it lowers blood pressure is not fully known. Diuresis starts within 2 hours, peaks near 4 hours, and lasts about 6 to 12 hours.
Sources: [1]