Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids mimic cortisol and strongly suppress inflammation and the immune response. They treat asthma, COPD flares, autoimmune disorders, allergic reactions, and adrenal insufficiency. Short courses can raise blood sugar and cause mood changes and insomnia, while long-term use leads to bone loss, infection risk, and weight gain with a rounded face. Courses longer than a few weeks are tapered, because stopping suddenly can cause adrenal crisis.

• PrednisoneKnown brand names include Rayos and Deltasone.