Opioid partial agonists
Opioid partial agonists bind tightly to mu-opioid receptors but activate them only partway, which eases opioid cravings and withdrawal with less effect on breathing than full opioids. Buprenorphine, often combined with naloxone, treats opioid use disorder as part of a treatment plan that includes counseling and support. Headache, nausea, constipation, sweating, and trouble sleeping are common. Taking the first dose while a full opioid is still active can trigger sudden withdrawal, and combining it with alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other sedatives can still cause dangerous breathing problems.