Incretin-based therapies
Incretin-based therapies copy or amplify gut hormones that are released after eating, such as GLP-1 and GIP, which tell the pancreas to release insulin and the brain to feel full. They treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, and the newest members act on two or three hormone receptors at once. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation are the most common side effects, especially while the dose is rising. The class carries warnings about pancreatitis and thyroid C-cell tumors seen in rodents, and the slower stomach emptying matters before surgery or sedation.