Antiepileptics (anticonvulsants)

Antiepileptics prevent seizures by calming overactive nerve cells in the brain. They work in several ways, such as blocking sodium channels or enhancing GABA, and many are also used for nerve pain or bipolar disorder. Phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic index, so its blood levels are monitored, and it can cause gum overgrowth and an unsteady gait. Drowsiness and dizziness are common across the class, and stopping suddenly can trigger seizures.

• CarbamazepineKnown brand names include Tegretol and Epitol.
• PhenytoinKnown brand names include Dilantin and Phenytek.
• Valproic acid